部署环境的系统是centos7.8

操作步骤

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-7.14.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
tar xf elasticsearch-7.14.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz 
mv elasticsearch-7.14.2 /data/elasticsearch
useradd elasticsearch -s /usr/sbin/nologin -U -M --system  # 不允许使用root启动，需要创建用户
chown -R elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/elasticsearch
sudo -u elasticsearch ./bin/elasticsearch -d  # 直接启动

启动脚本

解压官方的7.14的rpm包抠出了init.d脚本，修改了目录路径和参数，es7.x包默认带了java环境，不需要设置JAVA_HOME，会自动使用自带的。

#!/bin/bash
#
# elasticsearch <summary>
#
# chkconfig:   2345 80 20
# description: Starts and stops a single elasticsearch instance on this system
#

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Elasticsearch
# Required-Start: $network $named
# Required-Stop: $network $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: This service manages the elasticsearch daemon
# Description: Elasticsearch is a very scalable, schema-free and high-performance search solution supporting multi-tenancy and near realtime search.
### END INIT INFO

#
# init.d / servicectl compatibility (openSUSE)
#
if [ -f /etc/rc.status ]; then
    . /etc/rc.status
    rc_reset
fi

#
# Source function library.
#
if [ -f /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions ]; then
    . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
fi

# Sets the default values for elasticsearch variables used in this script
ES_HOME="/data/elasticsearch"
MAX_OPEN_FILES=65535
MAX_MAP_COUNT=262144
ES_PATH_CONF="/data/elasticsearch/config"
ES_STARTUP_SLEEP_TIME=5
PID_DIR="/var/run/elasticsearch"

# # Source the default env file
# ES_ENV_FILE="/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch"
# if [ -f "$ES_ENV_FILE" ]; then
#     . "$ES_ENV_FILE"
# fi

# ES_USER and ES_GROUP settings were removed
if [ ! -z "$ES_USER" ] || [ ! -z "$ES_GROUP" ]; then
    echo "ES_USER and ES_GROUP settings are no longer supported. To run as a custom user/group use the archive distribution of Elasticsearch."
    exit 1
fi

exec="$ES_HOME/bin/elasticsearch"
prog="elasticsearch"
pidfile="$PID_DIR/${prog}.pid"

export ES_JAVA_OPTS
export ES_JAVA_HOME
export JAVA_HOME
export ES_PATH_CONF
export ES_STARTUP_SLEEP_TIME

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/$prog

if [ ! -x "$exec" ]; then
    echo "The elasticsearch startup script does not exists or it is not executable, tried: $exec"
    exit 1
fi

start() {
    [ -x $exec ] || exit 5

    if [ -n "$MAX_OPEN_FILES" ]; then
        ulimit -n $MAX_OPEN_FILES
    fi
    if [ -n "$MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY" ]; then
        ulimit -l $MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY
    fi
    if [ -n "$MAX_MAP_COUNT" -a -f /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count ] && [ "$MAX_MAP_COUNT" -gt $(cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count) ]; then
        sysctl -q -w vm.max_map_count=$MAX_MAP_COUNT
    fi

    # Ensure that the PID_DIR exists (it is cleaned at OS startup time)
    if [ -n "$PID_DIR" ] && [ ! -e "$PID_DIR" ]; then
        mkdir -p "$PID_DIR" && chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch "$PID_DIR"
    fi
    if [ -n "$pidfile" ] && [ ! -e "$pidfile" ]; then
        touch "$pidfile" && chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch "$pidfile"
    fi

    cd $ES_HOME
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    # if not running, start it up here, usually something like "daemon $exec"
    daemon --user elasticsearch --pidfile $pidfile $exec -p $pidfile -d
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    # stop it here, often "killproc $prog"
    killproc -p $pidfile -d 86400 $prog
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    stop
    start
}

reload() {
    restart
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

rh_status() {
    # run checks to determine if the service is running or use generic status
    status -p $pidfile $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}


case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        restart
        ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
        exit 2
esac
exit $?

把脚本放到init.d目录

vim /etc/init.d/elasticsearch
chmod 700 /etc/init.d/elasticsearch
chkconfig --add elasticsearch
chkconfig elasticsearch on  # 设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start elasticsearch  # 启动服务

环境变量配置文件：/data/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-env